@astrojs/ cloudflare

This adapter allows Astro to deploy your on-demand rendered routes to Cloudflare.

If you’re using Astro as a static site builder, you don’t need an adapter.

Learn how to deploy your Astro site in our Cloudflare Pages deployment guide.

Why Astro Cloudflare

Section titled Why Astro Cloudflare

Cloudflare provides CDNs, web security, and other services. This adapter enhances the Astro build process to prepare your project for deployment through Cloudflare.

Installation

Section titled Installation

Astro includes an astro add command to automate the setup of official integrations. If you prefer, you can install integrations manually instead.

Add the Cloudflare adapter to enable SSR in your Astro project with the astro add command. This will install @astrojs/cloudflare and make the appropriate changes to your astro.config.mjs file in one step.

npm

npx astro add cloudflare

pnpm

pnpm astro add cloudflare

Yarn

yarn astro add cloudflare

Manual Install

Section titled Manual Install

First, add the @astrojs/cloudflare adapter to your project’s dependencies using your preferred package manager.

npm

npm install @astrojs/cloudflare

pnpm

pnpm add @astrojs/cloudflare

Yarn

yarn add @astrojs/cloudflare

Then, add the adapter and your desired on-demand rendering mode to your astro.config.mjs file:

astro.config.mjs

import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
import cloudflare from '@astrojs/cloudflare';

export default defineConfig({
  output: 'server',
  adapter: cloudflare(),
});

Options

Section titled Options

imageService

Section titled imageService

Type: 'passthrough' | 'cloudflare' | 'compile' | 'custom'
Default: 'compile'

Determines which image service is used by the adapter. The adapter will default to compile mode when an incompatible image service is configured. Otherwise, it will use the globally configured image service:

• cloudflare: Uses the Cloudflare Image Resizing service.
• passthrough: Uses the existing noop service.
• compile: Uses Astro’s default service (sharp), but only on pre-rendered routes at build time. During SSR for pages rendered on-demand, all astro:assets features are disabled.
• custom: Always uses the image service configured in Image Options. This option will not check to see whether the configured image service works in Cloudflare’s workerd runtime.

astro.config.mjs

import {defineConfig} from "astro/config";
import cloudflare from '@astrojs/cloudflare';

export default defineConfig({
  adapter: cloudflare({
     imageService: 'cloudflare'
  }),
  output: 'server'
})

platformProxy

Section titled platformProxy

Determines whether and how the Cloudflare runtime is added to astro dev. It contains proxies to local workerd bindings and emulations of Cloudflare specific values, allowing the emulation of the runtime in the Node.js dev process. Read more about the Cloudflare Runtime.

Note

Proxies provided by this are a best effort emulation of the real production. Although they are designed to be as close as possible to the real thing, there might be a slight differences and inconsistencies between the two.

platformProxy.enabled

Section titled platformProxy.enabled

Type: { enabled?: boolean }
Default: { enabled: false }

The enabled property allows you to enable the Cloudflare runtime in astro dev.

platformProxy.configPath

Section titled platformProxy.configPath

Type: { configPath?: string }
Default: { configPath: 'wrangler.toml' }

The configPath allows you to define your Wrangler configuration file, relative to the root of your Astro project.

platformProxy.experimentalJsonConfig

Section titled platformProxy.experimentalJsonConfig

Type: { experimentalJsonConfig?: boolean }
Default: { experimentalJsonConfig?: false }

The experimentalJsonConfig property defines whether the utility reads a JSON config file (e.g. wrangler.json).

platformProxy.persist

Section titled platformProxy.persist

Type: { persist?: boolean | { path: string } }
Default: { persist: true }

The persist property defines if and where the bindings data is persistent. true defaults to the same location used by Wrangler so data can be shared between the two. If false, no data is persisted to or read from the filesystem.

Note

wrangler’s --persist-to option adds a sub directory called v3 under the hood while the @astrojs/cloudflare persist property does not. For example, to reuse the same location as running wrangler dev --persist-to ./my-directory, you must specify: persist: "./my-directory/v3".

The following configuration shows an example of enabling the Cloudflare runtime when running the development server, as well as using a wrangler.json config file (experimental). It also specifies a custom location for persisting data to the filesystem:

import cloudflare from '@astrojs/cloudflare';
import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';

export default defineConfig({
  adapter: cloudflare({
    platformProxy: {
      enabled: true,
      configPath: 'wrangler.json',
      experimentalJsonConfig: true,
      persist: './.cache/wrangler/v3',
    },
  }),
});

routes.extend

Section titled routes.extend

This option allows you to add or exclude custom patterns (e.g. /fonts/*) to the generated _routes.json file that determines which routes are generated on-demand. This can be useful if you need to add route patterns which cannot be automatically generated, or exclude prerendered routes.

More information about the custom route patterns can be found in Cloudflare’s routing docs. Any routes specified are not automatically deduplicated and will be appended to the existing routes as is.

routes.extend.include

Section titled routes.extend.include

Type: { pattern: string }[]
Default: undefined

Configure additional routes to be generated on demand by the Cloudflare adapter in the routes.extend.include array.

routes.extend.exclude

Section titled routes.extend.exclude

Type: { pattern: string }[]
Default: undefined

Configure routes to be excluded from on-demand rendering in the routes.extend.exclude array. These routes will be prerendered and served statically instead, and will not invoke the SSR function. Additionally you can use this option to serve any static asset (e.g. images, fonts, css, js, html, txt, json, etc.) files directly without routing the request through the SSR function.

astro.config.mjs

export default defineConfig({
  adapter: cloudflare({
    routes: {
      extend: {
        include: [{ pattern: '/static' }], // Route a prerended page to the SSR function for on-demand rendering
        exclude: [{ pattern: '/pagefind/*' }], // Use Starlight's pagefind search, which is generated statically at build time
      }
    },
  }),
});

cloudflareModules

Section titled cloudflareModules

Type: true | false
Default: true

Enables imports of .wasm, .bin, and .txt modules.

This functionality is enabled by default. If you’d like to disable it, set cloudflareModules: false.

Cloudflare runtime

Section titled Cloudflare runtime

The Cloudflare runtime gives you access to environment variables and Cloudflare bindings. The Cloudflare runtime uses bindings found in the wrangler and .dev.vars configuration files.

Usage

Section titled Usage

For example, if you have an environment variable configuration set up in wrangler.toml:

wrangler.toml

[vars]
MY_VARIABLE = "test"

If you also need to define secrets in addition to environment variables, you need to add a .dev.vars file to the root of the Astro project:

.dev.vars

DB_PASSWORD=myPassword

You can access the bindings by using Astro locals like this:

src/pages/index.astro

---
const { env } = Astro.locals.runtime;
---

You can access the runtime from API endpoints through context.locals:

src/pages/api/someFile.js

export function GET(context) {
  const runtime = context.locals.runtime;

  return new Response('Some body');
}

To access the value of the MY_VARIABLE binding add the following to your code:

src/pages/index.astro

---
const { env } = Astro.locals.runtime;
const myVariable = env.MY_VARIABLE;
---

See the list of all supported bindings in the Cloudflare documentation.

Typing

Section titled Typing

wrangler provides a types command to generate TypeScript types for the bindings. This allows you to type locals without the need to manually type them. Refer to the Cloudflare documentation for more information.

Every time you change your configuration files (e.g. wrangler.toml, .dev.vars) you need to run wrangler types.

Note

You can create a pnpm script to run wrangler types automatically before other commands.

package.json

{
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "wrangler types && astro dev",
    "start": "wrangler types && astro dev",
    "build": "wrangler types && astro check && astro build",
    "preview": "wrangler types && astro preview",
    "astro": "astro"
  }
}

You can type the runtime object using Runtime:

src/env.d.ts

type Runtime = import('@astrojs/cloudflare').Runtime<Env>;

declare namespace App {
  interface Locals extends Runtime {
    otherLocals: {
      test: string;
    };
  }
}

Cloudflare Platform

Section titled Cloudflare Platform

Headers

Section titled Headers

You can attach custom headers to your responses by adding a _headers file in your Astro project’s public/ folder. This file will be copied to your build output directory.

Assets

Section titled Assets

Assets built by Astro are all named with a hash and therefore can be given long cache headers. By default, Astro on Cloudflare will add such a header for these files.

Redirects

Section titled Redirects

You can declare custom redirects using Cloudflare Pages. This allows you to redirect requests to a different URL. You can add a _redirects file in your Astro project’s public/ folder. This file will be copied to your build output directory.

Routes

Section titled Routes

Cloudflare routing uses a _routes.json file to determine which requests are routed to the SSR function and which are served as static assets. By default, a _routes.json file will be automatically generated for your project based on its files and configuration.

You can specify additional routing patterns to follow in your adapter config, or create your own custom _routes.json file to fully override the automatic generation.

Custom _routes.json

Section titled Custom _routes.json

Creating a custom public/_routes.json will override the automatic generation. See Cloudflare’s documentation on creating a custom _routes.json for more details.

Cloudflare Module Imports

Section titled Cloudflare Module Imports

The Cloudflare worker runtime supports imports of some non-standard module types. Most additional file types are also available in astro:

• .wasm or .wasm?module: exports a WebAssembly.Module that can then be instantiated
• .bin: exports an ArrayBuffer of the raw binary contents of the file
• .txt: Exports a string of the file contents

All module types export a single default value. Modules can be imported both from server-side rendered pages, or from prerendered pages for static site generation.

The following is an example of importing a Wasm module that then responds to requests by adding the request’s number parameters together.

pages/add/[a]/[b].js

// Import the WebAssembly module
import mod from '../util/add.wasm';

// Instantiate first in order to use it
const addModule: any = new WebAssembly.Instance(mod);

export async function GET(context) {
  const a = Number.parseInt(context.params.a);
  const b = Number.parseInt(context.params.b);
  return new Response(`${addModule.exports.add(a, b)}`);
}

While this example is trivial, Wasm can be used to accelerate computationally intensive operations which do not involve significant I/O such as embedding an image processing library, or embedding a small pre-indexed database for search over a read-only dataset.

Node.js compatibility

Section titled Node.js compatibility

Out of the box, Cloudflare does not support the Node.js runtime APIs. With some configuration, Cloudflare does support a subset of the Node.js runtime APIs. You can find supported Node.js runtime APIs in Cloudflare’s documentation.

To use these APIs, your page or endpoint must be server-side rendered (not pre-rendered) and must use the import {} from 'node:*' import syntax.

pages/api/endpoint.js

export const prerender = false;
import { Buffer } from 'node:buffer';

You’ll also need to modify the vite configuration in your astro config to allow for the node:* import syntax:

astro.config.mjs

import {defineConfig} from "astro/config";
import cloudflare from '@astrojs/cloudflare';

export default defineConfig({
  adapter: cloudflare({}),
  output: 'server',
  vite: {
    ssr: {
      external: ['node:buffer'],
    },
  },
})

Additionally, you’ll need to follow Cloudflare’s documentation on how to enable support. For detailed guidance, please refer to the Cloudflare documentation on enabling Node.js compatibility.

Package Compatibility Implications

If a project imports a package into the server that uses the Node.js runtime APIs, this can cause issues when deploying to Cloudflare. This issue arises with package that do not use the node:* import syntax. It is recommended that you contact the authors of the package to determine if the package supports the above import syntax. If the package does not support this, you may need to use a different package.

Preview with Wrangler

Section titled Preview with Wrangler

To use wrangler to run your application locally, update the preview script:

package.json

"preview": "wrangler pages dev ./dist"

wrangler gives you access to Cloudflare bindings, environment variables, and the cf object. Getting hot reloading of the astro dev server to work with Wrangler might require custom setup. See community examples.

Meaningful error messages

Section titled Meaningful error messages

Currently, errors during running your application in Wrangler are not very useful, due to the minification of your code. For better debugging, you can add vite.build.minify = false setting to your astro.config.mjs.

astro.config.mjs

export default defineConfig({
  adapter: cloudflare(),
  output: 'server',
  vite: {
    build: {
      minify: false,
    },
  },
});

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